4GW: An Act of Valor in the Private Sector...

Fourth Generation Warfare (4GW) is a stark reality in 2015 and beyond. Are American business interests as prepared as they could be, for the growing Operational Risks in the 21st century?  How many employees do you now have working outside the Homeland?

4GW involves the following key elements:

• Are complex and long term 
• Terrorism (tactic) 
• A non-national or transnational base—highly decentralized 
• A direct attack on the enemy's culture 
• Highly sophisticated psychological warfare, especially through media manipulation and lawfare
• All available pressures are used - political, economic, social and military 
• Occurs in low intensity conflict, involving actors from all networks 
• Non-combatants are tactical dilemmas 
• Lack of hierarchy 
• Small in size, spread out network of communication and financial support 
• Use of Insurgency and guerrilla tactics

There are a number of methods that a private sector company can utilize to exercise its own "Business Continuity Plan" in concert with the public sector here in the United States.  Operational Risk Management (ORM) associated with people, process, systems and other potential external events can be shared with local first responders, to establish awareness or alert protocols with your particular organizations incidents. As a private sector business, you should be asking yourself how often your internal incident commanders visit your local fire station or police precinct, to share mutually relevant information. Do you invite these vital community preparedness and response professionals to engage in your own company "Continuity of Operations" and crisis planning and exercises, even if it is just a table top review?

Through public-private collaboration, government and the private sector can:

• Enhance situational awareness 
• Improve decision-making 
• Access more resources and capabilities 
• Expand reach and access for disaster preparedness and relief communications 
• Improve coordination 
• Increase the effectiveness of emergency management efforts 
• Maintain strong relationships, built on mutual understanding 
• Create more resilient communities and increase jurisdictional capacity to prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from major incidents 

Around the country there are certain metro areas that have annual readiness and preparedness exercises because of where they are located. In some cases there are federal laws that mandate these exercises such as seaports. Norfolk, VA, Houston, TX or even the only deep water port between Los Angeles and San Francisco; Port Hueneme, CA have annual tests of their readiness and resources. Each of these seaports are significant assets to our continuous economic well being. They are surrounded by the private sector businesses who supply them with fuel, electric utilities and other critical infrastructure components that play their vital role in these regions.

Beyond the ability for these private sector organizations to engage with local first responders to exercise their continuity planning, is the ability to test new technologies, methods and even research possible ways to improve overall resilience, on a spectrum of new found asymmetric threats. These tests determine our ability to adapt or to utilize new tools in our current 4GW environment. We must remain adaptive during irregular operations by small insurgent groups such as those that have occurred in Mexico, Mumbai, India or the growing real possibility of devastating cyber attacks to our energy and telecommunication sectors.

Why are we encountering these threats on a higher frequency around the globe? You only have to look as far as the foreign published press to find the answer to this question. Or if you haven't got the time to read and translate to your native language what is being said, then make sure you see the movie "Act of Valor" to better understand what lies before us. What follows is from a foreign press article:

"The inability of the majority of the world's countries in the current circumstances to fight globalization's most powerful military machine (primarily the United States) on equal terms has led in recent years to an increase in the number of terrorist acts, armed conflicts, and local wars. Their coalescence into a single antagonistic system is giving rise to a phenomenon designated asymmetric operations by military-political theoreticians (asymmetrical conflicts and even asymmetric wars)."

As a result, we must adapt. The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) has several educational, training and research centers that are dedicated to the readiness of the military and to the public private partnership mechanism in the United States. The one center that stands out to help us become more adaptive on small conflicts and irregular activities is "The Center for Asymmetric Warfare (NPSCAW)."

The Center for Asymmetric Warfare, or CAW, was established in 1999 as a part of the Naval Air Systems Command to support U.S. military forces, as well as local, state, and federal organizations, in identifying, countering, and controlling the effects of asymmetric warfare in the nation’s Global War on Terrorism. CAW’s initial focus was the development and conduct of multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional homeland security and homeland defense exercise and training programs, in addition to test and evaluation programs for developmental first response technologies. 

Since its inception, CAW has matured into a recognized leader in its field, by providing comprehensive education, training, and exercise programs; technology integration, test, and evaluation programs; and capability assessment and improvement programs to partners across a wide spectrum of jurisdictions. These programs include participation by Department of Defense; local, state, and federal government agencies; private sector and non-governmental organizations; academia; and international government agencies. 

In 2008, CAW was realigned as a satellite division of the Naval Postgraduate School’s National Security Institute, headquartered at Naval Base Ventura County, in Point Mugu, California. Harnessing the capabilities of the four institutes and four schools that comprise NPS, CAW can capitalize on the expertise and experience of a continuously expanding number of alumni, faculty, and students.

The U.S. private sectors proximity to high value targets are many times overlooked. Where on the West coast of the U.S., is the largest concentration of undersea telecom cables coming ashore? You might guess San Francisco or Seattle. Think again. This map will give you an idea what areas of the coastline could be more important to protect and to continuously prepare for, a future attack on these assets. The answer is San Luis Obispo.

As an Operational Risk professional in your private sector organization, make it a priority to get engaged with your local community. Visit your local first responders soon. Reach out to the Regional Fusion Center and other entities designed to facilitate a smooth information sharing process.

This should occur with government and the most valuable assets owned and operated by our private sector constituents. It all comes down to two words. Continuous Vigilance.

Cyber Allies: A Whole Community Strategy...

The "New Normal" for American business is now apparent.   Operational Risk Management (ORM) is at the center of Board of Directors meetings, due to new laws and the latest attribution reports on nations state cyber hacking.  Disclosure to corporate shareholders of significant data breach or intellectual property theft incidents requires a more laser-focused industry strategy.  A private sector "Whole Community" approach to sharing vital intelligence on threat actors and new malware variants, but also developing trusted allies in industry itself.

As a concept, Cyber "Whole Community" is a means by which business, emergency management practitioners, organizational and community leaders, and government officials can collectively understand and assess the needs of their respective communities and determine the best ways to organize and strengthen their assets, capacities, and interests. By doing so, a more effective path to societal security and resilience is built. In a sense, Whole Community is a philosophical approach on how to think about conducting cyber emergency management. 

For the past decade or more the private sector has toiled at the task of creating public-private-partnerships in the Banking, Energy, Telecom, Retail, Defense and numerous other Critical Infrastructure sectors.  These organizations have focused on the challenge of sharing information that is relevant to the industry group at such a high level, the real value of the intelligence on threats or malware is often just a look in the rear view mirror.  By the time it gets to the report and into the hands of the organizational portal or is pushed via listserve to the member constituents it is stale or not relevant.

What if your corporate headquarters was located in an office park in AnyTown, USA along with several dozen other large, medium and small businesses.  What if those businesses were all tied to the same critical infrastructure for the business park.  Such as electrical power, water, and telecommunications.  In most cases, the energy provider and water supplier will be the same for all businesses in the office park.  Unlike these utilities, the telecommunications providers may be much more diverse.  There could be three or more providers of high capacity voice, data and wireless services to choose from by each of the businesses.

What if these businesses now adopted a Cyber "Whole Community" mind-set.  They would begin the process of cooperation, coordination and collaboration.  They would embark on a bold new strategy to:

 Understand community complexity.

 Recognize community capabilities and needs.

 Foster relationships with community leaders.

 Build and maintain partnerships.

 Empower local action.

 Leverage and strengthen social infrastructure, networks, and assets.

You see, national industry-based organizations are not enough to build the long term resilience your headquarters requires, and your shareholders demand.  The Chief Risk Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Information Officer need to begin to reach out to your business neighbors now. The initiative will be well received by the CEO as they report at the next Board of Directors meeting.

The process for developing a more robust Operational Risk Program and sustainable services for your business enterprise, could just be a stones throw from your corporate front door.  Here is the bottom-line.  You need to develop trusted allies in your own neighborhood and community:

Benefits include: 

• Shared understanding of community needs and capabilities.
• Greater empowerment and integration of resources from across the community.
• Stronger social infrastructure.
• Establishment of relationships that facilitate more effective prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery activities.
• Increased individual and collective preparedness.
• Greater resiliency at both the community and national levels.

Just think of the kinds of information or assets you might share with a "Trusted Ally" who is next door to your business or down the street.  What new strategies could you develop together to make yourself even more impervious, to the latest incidents caused by "Anonymous" or "Flame" and even China?

WASHINGTON – For three straight years, a group of Chinese hackers waged a cyber war against a family-owned, eight-person software firm in California, according to court records. Hackers broke into the company's system, shut down its email and web servers, spied on employees using their own webcams and gained access to sensitive company files, according to court records.

Whether you are a small-to-medium-enterprise (SME) or a Fortune Global 1000 company you can develop new trusted allies in your Cyber "Whole Community".  What are you waiting for?

Culture Risk: Charting a Course for Achieving the Mission...

"It's more fun to be a pirate than to join the Navy" - Steve Jobs

Think about the culture your organization has created, from inception to present day.  What is it about the current state, that draws the kind of new people to want to get on board?  Do you have people lining up behind the recruiting table, to join the Navy or to be a Pirate?

Competition for new talent and fresh perspectives, requires the continuous pursuit of new people to join the firm, company or government agency.  It's already a historical fact, on how many applications Apple or Google receives for every job opening.  Yet other companies are struggling to find anyone to fill the ranks of the new project teams they seek.

As these new recruits come through the doors of the organization, are they ready to work within the rules of the pirate ship or learn a more proven, consistent environment of certainty and longevity? Certainly you can sense what kind of ship you are on right now.  Will your company be around in 2 years or 5 years?  How will you sustain the mission and vision you set out to accomplish?

As you embark on your next voyage with an organization, you can bet that what you see early on, is what you will get for months and years to come.  What is it about the cultural environment and the way people behave within the enterprise that is so appealing to you?  Is it the product, the service or the purpose that gets you out of bed each day, to do the job and accomplish your tasks for the greater benefit of the team?

Enthusiasm is contagious and people who are "Waving the Flag" for their group, team or organization has a tendency to get others attention and it becomes viral.  They start to wonder why there is so much energy and so many people trying to join up and participate.  The "Crowd Effect" is a known marketing strategy that has worked in advertising for decades.

And then there is another strategy that might be counter intuitive and for good reason.  The opposite might be found in slogans such as "Only a Few Good Men" or an "elite community of professionals". Many may want to join, but only the best and the most resilient will achieve the goal of becoming part of the team.

What is it, that is the same about these two kinds of organizations?  Analyze the elements of what makes them both similar and how they are able to persist over time and you will begin to see, what really matters in effectiveness of organizational design and cultural development.  You will begin to understand the essential factors to enhance in order to achieve a long lasting and perpetual enterprise. Here are a few words that would describe and define both environments:

• Trust
• Innovation
• Adaptive
• Continuous Learning
• Empathy
• Belief

The factors you search for with your next organization, company or project team might have some or all of these attributes.  It is up to you to determine what is in your best interest long term, whether to be a pirate or join the Navy.  Once you have made the decision, it will forever define you and shape the way you think, act and behave for much of the rest of your life.

As an Operational Risk Management (ORM) professional, first it is your job to figure out what kind of ship you are on.  Second, it is your job to make sure that the Captain achieves their destination, today, tomorrow or next week.  Finally, you must decide if the ship you are on and the Captain both, will help you fulfill your life long goals and aspirations.

Now, think about your current cultural environment.  What is your organizational course?  Who is commanding the ship?  Are you ready for the next mission with your team?  Why?

Now you are well on your way to having a more clear picture of your destiny and contributing to achieving success of your next mission...

OPS Risk: Everyday is a Training Day...

When the front lines of privacy and security converge on the digital front, the decisions to trust become more vital.  The questions about what tools and what methods are appropriate to address the 21st century domains for advertising, media and entertainment, news, weather, and thousands of other human interests become more complex.

Operational Risk Management (ORM) is evolving as the dynamic mobile digital environments adapt and continuously change the rules of the game.  Now that Edward Snowden has finally set up his Twitter account, the world can engage with him on a more direct basis.  On the metro, sitting in an industry conference watching him via Skype or your own back yard.

Here's his first tweet -- an apparent Verizon Wireless joke and subtle dig at the spy agency:

Can you hear me now?

— Edward Snowden (@Snowden) September 29, 2015

The world is becoming a more dangerous place, as millions of new IP devices become more connected and human behavior is influenced ever more rapidly.  That favorite App that you encounter tomorrow, may be feeding you interesting content that you believe is being customized according to your requests.  More likely, it has also been modified to fit your history of clicks, location, comments and other online behavior.  Everyday becomes a "Training Day"...

You see, the ICT-based machines are storing and learning your behavior, each second and each minute you are connected to the Internet.  The massive analytics engines are consuming Yottabytes across multiple hard drives and data centers, preparing and adapting to your particular behavior.  The unique "Trust Decisions" that are being made according to the rules coded by humans, are now being executed in nanoseconds.

Where is the future of Operational Risk, destined to arrive in the years ahead and just Over-the-Horizon (OTH)?  Think about how we forecast the weather risks associated with the planet Earth.  Soon we will be utilizing the same kind of forecasting for the ecosystem of digital environments.  Using science and sophisticated engineering sensor data will provide us with early warning of Internet thunderstorms, hurricanes and snow storms.  Soon thereafter even the Cyber Insurance and Cyber Legal domains will become even more robust.  Why?

Uncertainty in Internet weather patterns, will create new products and services in order to find more certainty.  The current state of the Cyber Insurance industry, is in it's infancy as a result of the few documented historical events and actuarial knowledge on data breaches.  Yet as insurance corporations and the legal frameworks grow towards enterprise risk, so too will the ability to more effectively hedge the cyber risk.  The likelihood that a Fortune 50 company will now file a claim is at 50% and growing, as each company becomes insured by the modern Cyber Insurance policy product.

The assumption of data breach is now becoming the new normal.  Boards of Directors are preparing for the organizations inevitable need to file a claim, with one of the myriad of insurance companies that are now operating in the Cyber Domain.  The Cyber Reinsurance business, is now starting up.

High Risk / High Frequency events, become insured and the mitigation tools for dealing with the potential for high levels of capital being paid out for remediation, introduces exposure to the bottom line.  Cyber Insurance is a risk mitigation tool to the enterprise, just as any substantial class action law suits trend and other litigation exposure.  So what?

Where are the professional Operations Risk Officers going to focus, after these kinds of events?

We shall make our way to the next major area that could bring down the entire organization.  It is in another Quadrant of High Risk / Low Frequency.  Why?  This is where your organization is now most vulnerable.  This is where the next risk exposure becomes so great, that you may not survive the next major loss event.  Think about the environment you operate in and the stakeholders you answer to, on a daily and quarterly basis.  The stakeholders have little understanding of where you are actually concentrating your thinking, expertise and resources.  You are focused on the next unknown:  High Risk x Low Frequency = Next Target Zone.

Where is the emerging target zone within your enterprise today?  What are you working on to address this, in the time frame that it takes, for the rest of the risk mitigation products and industry to mature.  Will you catch-up to the reality of the actual threat and the potential loss to the enterprise?

So what and where is the mindset of the most highly trained and capable Operational Risk experts concentrating today:

• Operations that use tried-and-true technologies
• Operations that rely only on general knowledge and that attackers can obtain easily
• Operations that require clandestine activities

Your adversaries are using these three, to ensure their success.  It makes the possibility go up in their favor, that they will achieve their goal.  Their target.  Their mission.

As you convene your next meeting on the digital privacy and security issues that will occur in the next few months, where will you be focused?  How will you allocate resources?  Will your enterprise be ready and waiting in that Target Zone of High Risk and Low Frequency?

Your Operational Risk strategy shall evolve.  The elements may include both looking through an Internal and External environment.  Intentional Misconduct and Negligent Conduct are major factors.  It is time to increase the RPM's.  Recognizing, Prioritizing and Mobilizing (RPM).  Now Execute.

Everyday is a "Training Day"....

Safe Harbor: Achieving a Defensible Standard of Care...

"Achieving a Defensible Standard of Care" within the enterprise requires an astute and proactive legal framework.  Operational Risk Management becomes a key component of the legal framework in multiple junctions of technology, data science and privacy law.

U.S. National Security continues to be in the center of the legal jousting between the European Union and the United States.  Underlying the debate is the data flowing through the Internet from data centers in Europe owned by U.S. companies.

What are the implications of a change in the Rule of Law and the rules associated with the collection, storage and analysis of data by companies such as Facebook?  How will the future of Operational Risk decisions impact the safety and security of nation states?  Is "Safe Harbour" ready for legal reengineering and a new updated global data privacy architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT).

III –  Conclusion 237. In the light of the foregoing, I propose that the Court should answer the questions referred by the High Court as follows:

Article 28 of Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, read in the light of Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, must be interpreted as meaning that the existence of a decision adopted by the European Commission on the basis of Article 25(6) of Directive 95/46 does not have the effect of preventing a national supervisory authority from investigating a complaint alleging that a third country does not ensure an adequate level of protection of the personal data transferred and, where appropriate, from suspending the transfer of that data.

Commission Decision 2000/520/EC of 26 July 2000 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequacy of the protection provided by the safe harbour privacy principles and related frequently asked questions issued by the Department of Commerce of the United States of America is invalid.

  Chief Privacy Officers and General Counsel within the ranks of Amazon, Google and Facebook are on a proactive mission quest.  How to keep business models fueled by advertising from erosion of data flows from outside the U.S. if precluded and if, all data from the EU must stay within the EU.

The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) will be tracking the data privacy legal frameworks across the globe and the continuous changes that will be necessary to stay in compliance with U.S. laws.  Henry Farrell sums this up nicely in his WP analysis:

Thus, if the court rules as expected, the U.S. has to choose between two unattractive options. The first is to refuse to make any concessions on surveillance, hence endangering the business models of big and influential U.S. e-commerce firms, and making life much harder for other big corporations that e.g. have to transfer personnel files across borders. The second is to make real concessions to the EU on spying, moving away from indiscriminate surveillance to a system that would provide real protections for European citizens.

We are on the edge of many years of new business process reengineering (BPR), but this time it is not about the demise of proprietary client / server architectures and the addition of Internet Protocols.  The new data privacy BPR is now just underway and it has all to do with creating the sound contractual negotiations of digital devices across borders.  More importantly, the trusted business assurance questions being asked by Operational Risk Officers and the building of digital trust as data and rules are executed at the speed of light.

Achieving Digital Trust delivers to business executives, IT strategists, and innovation leaders something remarkable-a complete tool-kit of new strategies and resources that will change how they make decisions that matter, and how to build digital assets that can be trusted. 

As you pick up your mobile device to access Messenger, or Wickr, the rule of law is being put in motion in nanoseconds.  When you type the message to your colleague in Ireland or Germany from Detroit, your data is being processed across data centers in multiple countries.  Machines executing business rules with other machines.  Are the rules correct?  Are they all legal?

"Achieving a Defensible Standard of Care" in the next decade will be one of our most interesting challenges.  The Safe Harbor of our way of life may go beyond the simple integrity and assurance that the message simply gets delivered.

9/11 2015: Never Forget This Anniversary...

On this anniversary of the four terrorist attacks on the United States, September 11, 2001, we pause and remember.  We reflect on where we were at 8:46, 9:03, 9:37 and 10:07AM on that horrific morning, as the two planes crashed into the World Trade Center Towers in New York City, followed by the Pentagon in Washington, DC and a field near Stonycreek Township outside Shanksville, Pennsylvania.

The Islamic State fight continues 14 years later in an arena of global asymmetric warfare.  This includes YouTube videos, Twitter, Special Operators from USSOCOM and  other "Quiet Professionals" on the Internet or in the shadows of Istanbul and Cairo, that you will never read about.

When any moral person watches the replay of the video news reporting on 9/11, emotions are evident. Telling the story to those who were not born or are too young to remember is imperative.  No different than the importance of other historic events of evil during two World Wars, Vietnam or the continued wars across Iraq, Afghanistan and the Middle East.

Over the past 14 years our lives have been forever impacted in the midst of conflict over religion, real estate and resources.  This is nothing new from a historical perspective until you add the technology components.  The Internet and mobile phone technologies have brought the reporting, intelligence and dissemination of real-time information to us in seconds or minutes.  No longer days or hours.

On this 9/11 anniversary, we can only pray that our humanity endures the kinetic evil and the light speed of digital information that will continue to evolve in the decades and milliseconds ahead of us...

Rule of Law: The Privacy vs. Security Paradox...

Chief Privacy Officers and Operational Risk Officers are watching with anticipation as Microsoft argues it's case with the U.S. Court of Appeals in New York, USA on September, 9, 2015.

The trustworthiness of data and the future of "Achieving Digital Trust" for companies and countries is a priority.  The wealth created from the management, storage and processing of data across global borders is at stake.  The "Rule of Law" that intersects with that data and the legal disclosure to government authorities, has been accelerating in countries such as Ireland, Belgium and Brazil.

The company hasn’t always been so eager to comply. A year earlier, it rebuffed a request from the Department of Justice for a suspected drug trafficker’s e-mails. Those were in a data center in Dublin -- and according to Microsoft, the arm of American law enforcement doesn’t extend to Ireland. That set in motion a legal challenge putting Microsoft and its general counsel, Brad Smith, in the lead of a charged battle between the U.S. technology industry and the U.S. government.
More than two dozen companies, including Apple Inc. and Cisco Systems Inc., have filed briefs on Microsoft’s behalf in the case, which is about due process and the right to privacy, and money. Internet service providers may be hard-pressed to sell Web-based products if they can’t promise that digital records stowed in foreign countries will be protected by those countries’ laws -- and from unilateral U.S. search-and-seizure missions.

The privacy vs. security business is apparent and a defensible standard of care remains vital.  Several companies in the data privacy industry have made the decision to establish their legal business entity in Switzerland.  Silent Circle, Proton Mail and Golden Frog are a few examples.  Why?

It is because the business of privacy is becoming a big business.  It is creating wealth.  Data privacy and the use of cloud-based products and services is now so pervasive across borders, that the collision of private companies and governments was inevitable.  Nation states are making it easier for global companies to locate, manage and operate in their data privacy friendly countries.

Digital Trust is at the center of the dialogue.  Operational Risk Management (ORM) surrounds the core conversations as you analyze the implications of building a data-centric business with the ability to comply with all of the regulatory and legal requirements.  The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) of 1986 is being interpreted in Microsoft v. United States of America:

The Government’s brief confirms this much: Nowhere did Congress say that ECPA should reach private emails stored on providers’ computers in foreign countries. Small surprise for a statute written in 1986, before the creation of the global internet, when the notion of storing emails halfway across the globe was barely imaginable.

Congress can and should grapple with the question whether, and when, law enforcement should be able to compel providers like Microsoft to help it seize customer emails stored in foreign countries. Microsoft has outlined many reasons why Congress would be wary of granting that power: It would establish a norm that would allow foreign governments to reach into computers in the United States to seize U.S. citizens’ private correspondence, so long as those governments may assert personal jurisdiction over whatever company operates those computers. It would offend foreign sovereigns.

Business and Government across the globe are working diligently to create a balanced, legally sound and vital information sharing environment.  Consumers will continue to have a choice, on what vendor, device or data hosting company they utilize for their communications.  The features, functions and benefits will be carefully thought out, by the marketing and business executives.  Yet the question will be asked by each companies respective stakeholders:  What is the value of trustworthiness in the markets we operate in and how will we decide to create "Digital Trust"?

The consumer must also understand how these tools are being utilized by the dark and evil components of our human society.  Citizens must better understand the motivations for government to protect consumers and those organizations who choose to use certain tools on the Internet.  Those who have a fear of government also like the idea of law enforcement protecting their neighborhoods.  There are two sides to the private enterprise:

They aspire to be neutral conduits of data and to sit outside or above politics. But increasingly their services not only host the material of violent extremism or child exploitation, but are the routes for the facilitation of crime and terrorism. However much they may dislike it, they have become the command-and-control networks of choice for terrorists and criminals, who find their services as transformational as the rest of us. If they are to meet this challenge, it means coming up with better arrangements for facilitating lawful investigation by security and law enforcement agencies than we have now.

As private companies and nation states collaborate to attract new business commerce and tax revenues, your privacy and your company will be at the center of the negotiation.  The consumers preference of where you want your data stored and the legal environment where you want your data to be subjected to legal jurisdictions will continue.  For the good guys and the bad guys.  "Achieving Digital Trust" will be with all of us for some time to come.  As mankind evolves and the most valuable assets of our world become virtual, we can only hope "Trust Decisions" and the "Rule of Law" will stand the test of time.

CAG 20: Red Team Exercises...

The Consensus Audit Guidelines (CAG) have been public for years and the 20 controls are vital to our enterprise business resilience. One stands out however that is not automated and requires a specific advance Operational Risk Management (ORM) strategy. CAG: Critical Control 20: Red Team Exercises:

Attackers penetrate networks and systems through social engineering and by exploiting vulnerable software and hardware. Once they get access, they burrow deep and expand the number of systems over which they have control. Most organizations do not exercise their defenses so they are uncertain about its capabilities and unprepared for identifying and responding to attack. 

This control goes beyond traditional penetration testing, which typically has the goal of identifying vulnerabilities and showing their business risks. Red Team Exercises are exercise in the traditional sense of military exercises where the three goals are improved readiness of the organization, better training for defensive practitioners, as well as inspection of current performance levels. Independent red teams can provide valuable objectivity regarding both the existence of vulnerabilities and the efficacy of defenses and mitigating controls already in place and even those planned for future implementation.

We would like to emphasize the importance of this strategy execution beyond the IT and Information Systems within the organization. In any significant business disruption or "incident", whether it be the breach and theft of a database full of "Personal Identity Information" (PII) or the breach of a rear window of a corporate executives residence to initiate a kidnapping plot; the goal remains the same:

"Attackers use tools to exploit a vulnerability; to create an action on a target, that produces an unauthorized result to obtain their objective."

Think about it for a minute. Whether it be the online digital world or the offline physical environment your organization is operating in today; someone is probing and testing your vulnerabilities. The only possible way for you to discover them before your adversary is to continuously attack your own business and it's assets. And possibly most importantly, it must be done on a clandestine basis:

clandestine from L. clandestinus "secret, hidden," from clam "secretly," from base of celare "to hide"

What value can be gained from exercises or testing that is conducted with advance warning to your staff or team? Very little. To execute the "Red Cell" approach to effectively improve and to increase the resilience of your organization, the strategy execution must remain secret. Yes of course there will be people placed throughout the organization, in key areas that know that the exercise or attack on the organization is a planned exercise. However, it is only for the safety and liability purposes, along with the potential injection of simulations that increase the effectiveness of the vulnerability testing.

The CAG has 20 controls that are focused on Cyber Defense and many of these will require manual intervention, planning and effective oversight. Automated tools can only go so far, to address the real goal of understanding human behavior during and after a "Real Incident" actually unfolds. In the context of using a Red Team exercise, you must include the use of Gavin De Becker's "Elements of Prediction" with your employees and stakeholders:

1. Measurability - How measurable is the outcome you seek to predict?
2. Vantage - Is the person making the prediction in a position to observe the pre-incident indicators and context?
3. Imminence - Are you predicting an outcome that might occur soon, as opposed to some remote time in the future?
4. Context - Is the context of the situation clear to the person making the prediction?
5. Pre-Incident Indicators - Are there detectable pre-incident indicators that will reliably occur before the outcome being predicted?
6. Experience - Does the person making the prediction have experience with the specific topic involved?
7. Comparable Events - Can you study or consider outcomes that are comparable- though not necessarily identical- to the one being predicted?
8. Objectivity - Is the person making the prediction objective enough to believe that either outcome is possible?
9. Investment - To what degree is the person making the prediction invested in the outcome?
10. Replicability - Is it practical to test the exact issue being predicted by trying it first elsewhere?
11. Knowledge - Does the person making the prediction have accurate knowledge about the topic?

This is how and where you extend your physical controls to the actual people, who will make the difference before and during a critical incident in your enterprise.  Revisit the Consensus Audit Guidelines (CAG) for your enterprise.  It just might help you find that one place where the continuity of the business is at risk after a significant disruption or the one threat that still is hiding in the shadows.

Legal Risk: The Insider Threat from Outside Counsel...

What will the "New Normal" be for the United States in the era of increased scrutiny on privacy law, civil liberties and the continuous quest for the security of the Homeland?  Operational Risk Management (ORM) professionals are ever more focused on "Information Operations" and counterintelligence functions while simultaneously working side-by-side, with their own General Counsel.  The laws in each state are changing and being updated as the Federal legislation stalemate continues:

Connecticut Updates its Data Security Laws, Imposing Stringent New Requirements By Ellen Moskowitz on July 15th, 2015 Posted in Legislation

On June 30, 2015, the Governor of Connecticut signed into law S.B. 949, “An Act Improving Data Security and Agency Effectiveness.”[1] The new law updates Connecticut’s data security laws, including by adding a 90-day hard deadline for data breach reporting, requiring companies in some cases to offer data breach victims a year of free identify theft prevention services, imposing new and specific data security program requirements on health insurance companies and other entities subject to Insurance Department regulation, and requiring state agencies to impose certain detailed security requirements on state contractors that maintain personal information. With a near constant stream of data breaches affecting entities from health insurers to retail giants to the government, the law responds to growing fears of data security.

Under the new law, beginning October 1, 2015, a data breach will require any person or entity conducting business in Connecticut to give notice “without unreasonable delay,” but now no later than 90 days after discovery of the breach, to state residents whose personal information was breached or reasonably believed to have been breached. The Connecticut Attorney General stated in a press release that 90 days is an “outside limit” that does not diminish his discretion to take action against entities who “unduly delay” notification.[2] Importantly, the law also requires the provision of at least twelve months of free identity theft prevention and mitigation services, but only in cases where Social Security numbers are breached or reasonably believed to have been breached.

If you happen to be concerned about the "Insider Threat" within your enterprise, then you realize the importance of creating the foundations for a sound legal framework.  One that addresses the rules that must be followed and the protocols for building trust with key corporate partners.  This includes the outside counsel that your enterprise engages with on an annual basis.

So what legal duty of care do your retained outside counsel have to secure your information?  What do they have in the environments that they operate in that may cause additional legal risks for your enterprise?  Do they understand the difference between information security and confidentiality?

First tier supply chain partners such as outside counsel are no different than the cloud provider or the HVAC contractor that may have access to the corporate network.  So what is the root cause of substantial intellectual property theft and industrial espionage targeted on law firms?  Failing to understand the vast landscape of "Operational Risk."  This includes negligent conduct and intentional misconduct.  So what can you do now to improve the outcomes of managing the legal risks of "Outside Counsel"?

Start a Dialogue:  Request a commitment to review the privacy vs. security environment of the key retained firms who provide the outside legal work for the enterprise.  Provide a case example of your corporate information security structure and priorities.

Ask Questions:  The whole spectrum of information security deserves a deep dive in the dialogue on managing digital information, making effective "Trust Decisions" and addressing eDiscovery and Records Management questions.

Team Together:  What if you worked with your outside firm to create a solution that included a collaborative design, prioritized execution, insisted upon cooperative feedback and insured continuous improvement?  Get your legal teams to train together with your CISO and CIO security teams.

Revise the Engagement Letter:  The contracting language must include the nuances of information security, privacy controls and an informative strategic plan for the inevitable point in time when there is a data breach at your outside counsel.  More here:

As Willie Sutton supposedly said, he robbed banks “because that’s where the money is.”  That also explains why law firms and lawyers are increasingly the targets of cyber-intrusion, particularly phishing scams.  Apparently, phishing in legal waters can yield a full net of stolen information.

“Most likely” to take the bait
Verizon’s 2015 Data Breach Investigations Report has found that a company’s legal department is among the ones that are “far more likely to actually open [a phishing] e-mail than all other departments.”

In case you’ve been living under a rock, “phishing” is the attempt to obtain sensitive information fraudulently by means of a deceptive electronic communication that appears to come from a trustworthy source.  (Some link the term to the indie rock group Phish, but according to Computerworld magazine, the term was coined round 1996, with the obvious analogy to the sport of angling using a lure.  Under that view, the “ph” is a nod to an old form of telephone hacking known as “phone phreaking.”)

Shockingly, Verizon found that 23 percent of recipients open phishing messages, and 11 percent click on the fatal attachments.

Decision Advantage: Operational Risk Strategic Vision...

When the Board of Directors asks for a report on the Operational Risk Strategic Vision for the enterprise, will you have it ready?  The execution of strategy with the discipline of Operational Risk Management (ORM), requires a look "Over-the-Horizon" (OTH).  Why?

You have to realize the pace at which technologies are advancing.  You have to realize how your competitors are creating a decision advantage.  How will you apply the use of new data science, advanced hardware and software capabilities to augment your Human Capital, to replace Human Cognition?  So what are some of the categories that you should be researching, testing and implementing?   New strategic systems to secure, protect and improve the situational awareness or resilience of your organization?

Many of the places you will need to address, have to do with enhanced processing and management of data, from disparate places:

• Coping with Scale - Advanced Analytics
• Very Large Dataset - 4D Visualization
• Data Standards and Governance - Sensor Priority Processing, Optimized Data Movement

Bringing tools to the data, data trust and provenance tracking, are a subset of governance.  Machine translation and wire speed language recognition, are subsets of a Multi-lingual textual data processing platform.

So what?  Why is all of this innovation required in the modern Operational Risk domain and why is it so important?  The simple answer is, international competition, from your adversaries.  Dynamic, Smart Metadata, metadata relationships and data that finds the analyst, are challenging areas today.  Natural language processing techniques and wire speed data tagging are vital.

"Data Mining will bring us "Cyber Situational Awareness", "Human-Assisted Machine Learning" and "Pattern of Life modeling".  Decision and intelligence advantage, is the key to many of these strategic initiatives."

Again, from a business perspective, so what?  If your organization is in the Information Technology Sector, then of course you understand that the competition is tough and your new advanced VM and/or shiny systems "Box" does need to stand out, with it's unique features and differentiators in the marketplace.  It must have some value-proposition to the customers, that few or no one else can provide at the moment.  Otherwise, why would you spend the money on educating the market, writing a check to Gartner, advertising, sales and business development?  Right?

The Board of Directors today might just understand the concept of "Decision Advantage."  What if you went to the next meeting of the outside directors and provided a narrative and presentation on "Decision Advantage"?  You want them to authorize the substantial budget for your own Operational Risk R&D.  You are asking them to invest in the future risk mitigation of the enterprise, that they have a fiduciary responsibility to safeguard for the shareholders.

You see, you are way behind the international competition.  When you view this visual of the current state-of-play going on this hour, this minute and this second, you really don't have the time to waste on authorizing more resources, to address many of the areas previously discussed here.  The future of your enterprise and the livelihood of your country is at stake.

The Research & Development (R&D) budgets for Operational Risk Strategy execution are tremendous.  Add it all up.  The question is, how effective is it for the enterprise to spend risk management and mitigation funds in each individual department of IT, HR, Marketing, Sales, Finance and Facilities.  Without a complete understanding and vision of how the spectrum of risks, threats and mitigations, are all interconnected and what tools, processes or technology are actually interdependent.

When something such as Enterprise Risk Management or even National Security is so mutually dependent,  (depending on each other) you have to ask the Board of Directors to pause, and to require the Operational Risk Strategic Vision.  Once completed, you will see what new technologies to invest in for your total budget of Research & Development funds, and where to spend it.

Perhaps the most important reason for this vision, is also to ensure your "Intelligence Advantage"...

Leadership: Adaptive Risk for an Uncertain Future...

As the political season in the U.S. starts earlier and earlier each four year cycle, the question remains consistent from the rest of the world.  Will America lead the Cyber cold war in the next four years?  Operational Risk Management (ORM) is a necessary and vital component of any mission or project, from the Situation Room, inside your company, on the flight deck or on the front lines of conflict torn regions of the Sahel.

Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) and their proxies are constantly waging new malware campaigns on our global economic and intellectual property ecosystems, utilizing sophisticated new toolkits.  There are three key attributes to modern day "Threat Intelligence" and Eric Olson from Cyveillance explains:

1. Relevance – The information must relate to, or at least potentially relate to, your enterprise, industry, networks, and/or objectives

2. Actionable – It must be specific enough to prompt some response, change, action or decision, or to dictate an explicit and informed decision not to act

3. Value – Even if relevant and actionable, if the data (and the action) does not contribute to any useful business outcome, there is no value

When threat activity, known actors, historical tactics, or attack information can be combined with vulnerabilities, activity data, or other particulars present in your network and environment, then the information becomes relevant, actionable intelligence.

As a leader in the private sector the waves of globalization and regulatory mandates keep you striving for the entrepreneurial spirit, yet constantly constrained by new rule-sets and compliance initiatives.  Mitigating risks to the enterprise requires leadership that can span the visions of an environment with creativity and simultaneously the spirit of autonomy.  Modern day risk management is not only a leadership challenge, it is also a cultural challenge.  How do I get my people to think like a true entrepreneur and simultaneously provide them with the skills and knowledge they will need to survive in a hostile environment?

• First off, you have no doubt heard somewhere along the way that High Performing Teams are the way to accomplish new fixes to software code or even to ensure the last mile of due diligence to get the leveraged buy-out to become a reality.  These High Performing Teams must be diverse and they need to have the time to cross-train each other in the specific skill sets necessary, to fullfill the desired outcomes.  If one person comes down with the flu or worse; you may be the one who has to fill in and pick up the slack.
• Second, the cultural mind set shift must take place to becoming continuously adaptive.  Being adaptive means that you have to be able to incorporate both readiness and resilience in the same effort.  Making decisions that are rapid without time for formal planning, is foreign to some on the team.  You have got to get everyone to be as adaptive as the designated leader, because they will not always be there, to tell you or show you what to do next.
• Finally, leadership decisions on the floor of the exchange, in the EOC or sitting across the table from your newest prospective client means that you have got to practice.  This capability of assets calls for you to continuously train and experience the emotions and see the results of your actions.  Good and bad.  These skills are perishable and require a tremendous investment in time and resources to make sure that the risks of failure are mitigated almost to zero.

What are you willing and able to do, to lead America in 2015 and beyond?  Think service before self-interest and you will be leading beyond the risks of an uncertain future for yourself and our country.

Trusting Women: The Future of Irregular Warfare...

The economic engine of successful countries and the single family household, is typically the result of a dedicated and conscientious woman.  If your organization is planning to be more resilient and capable of continued growth, then make sure you have women in the most strategic Operational Risk Management (ORM) roles possible.

You may already understand why and there is continuing evidence that men, are just not the ideal person to be in certain positions of decision-making and other skilled business professions of the future.  The stories and the examples flow from the most clandestine and remote regions of Africa, to the valley associated with Silicon.

Women are now breaking through new barriers in all types of roles and in places that traditionally they have been forbidden.  Here is just one example of a trend to grow rapidly from Dan Lamothe at the Washington Post:

Only the swamps of Florida stand between two female soldiers becoming the first women to ever graduate from the Army’s famously difficult Ranger School.  The women have completed the school’s Mountain Phase, and will move on to the third and final phase of training, Army officials said Friday.

The women are attending for the first time as part of an ongoing assessment by the military about how it should better integrate women into combat roles in the military. It follows a 2013 decision by Pentagon leaders to open all jobs in the military to women by 2016.

When you really think about what the future roles of the new 21st Century Army and the trends of our asymmetric threats, are not women our best strategic weapon?  Irregular warfare will be dominating most days of our human conflicts into the future and women are well equipped to be the leaders of this trend.

Yes, there is evidence that earning the "Ranger Tab" requires physical stamina.  Simultaneously, the elite Army course requires superior problem-solving skills and adaptive intuition involving teamwork, where women excel.  Now you are starting to see why, it is vital to have women on any high-performance team, whether in the Hindu Kush or on the Internet front lines of "Achieving Digital Trust" with the next generation of our youngest knowledge workers.

Irregular warfare is warfare in which one or more combatants are irregular military rather than regular forces. Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare, and so is asymmetric warfare.  Irregular warfare favors indirect and asymmetric warfare approaches, though it may employ the full range of military and other capabilities, in order to erode the adversary’s power, influence, and will. It is inherently a protracted struggle that will test the resolve of a state and its strategic partners.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} Concepts associated with irregular warfare are older than the term itself.^[6][7]

As the future conflicts evolve into our pervasive digital domains and require the collection and analysis of relevant information on the front lines, women are the strategic choice.  History tells us clearly, that this is the case.  It is this kind of intellect and patience for building and sustaining relationships, that so many policy makers have recognized, across both public and private sector operations.

So who is just one good example?  Our future strategy must include the development of armies of women with the skills and talents of leaders like Sheryl Sandberg:

Sheryl Kara Sandberg (/ˈsændbərɡ/; born August 28, 1969)^[3] is an American technology executive, activist, and author. She is the Chief Operating Officer of Facebook. In June 2012, she was elected to the board of directors by the existing board members,^[4] becoming the first woman to serve on Facebook's board. Before she joined Facebook as its COO, Sandberg was Vice President of Global Online Sales and Operations at Google and was involved in launching Google's philanthropic arm Google.org. Before Google, Sandberg served as chief of staff for the United States Secretary of the Treasury.

You see, the Fortune 500 is now starting to wake up, to the reality of the current state of corporate "Irregular Warfare".  The ability to erode the competitions power, influence and will, is just the beginning of the conversation in creating reliable and growing shareholder value.  When you really start to evaluate the entire success of the Silicon Valley ecosystem or even the future economic engines of unknown villages across our globe, you begin to realize how it is driven and continuously being improved, by the skills and superiority of women.

So what is just one good example?  Our future strategy must include the development of armies of women with the strategic foresight of Opportunity International:

Opportunity International Trust Groups help entrepreneurs break free from the limitations of poverty by promoting solidarity and maintaining accountability.  Trust Groups consist of 10-30 entrepreneurs, mostly women, who meet once a week to share personal and business advice, receive financial training, and vote on loan-related topics.  Trust Groups build a safety net by guaranteeing each other’s loans -- if one member defaults on a weekly payment, everyone else must cover the costs.  This method has led to a loan repayment rate of 98%.

Vicki Escarra joined Opportunity International in 2012 as US CEO. Previously she has led several major initiatives to create a long-term strategic plan, rebrand the organization, streamline operations and increase global fundraising by 30 percent in 2013 to expand the organization’s work around the world. Before joining Opportunity International, Escarra spent six years as president and chief executive officer of Feeding America, the nation’s largest domestic hunger relief organization. Prior to Feeding America, Escarra spent nearly 30 years at Delta Air Lines Inc., where she rose to chief marketing officer. As one of the highest-ranking women in the aviation industry at the time, she oversaw $15 billion in revenue and led a workforce of 52,000.

When you hear a woman like Vicki, Sheryl (or Cheryl) talk about providing our organizations large and small with the training, education and the "Trust Decisions" to create and sustain growth, you can only imagine what is really possible.  If you have ever had the lucky chance to work with a woman like these three for months or decades, you understand the multitude of advantages.  You understand the reasons, why having women on every high performance team is imperative.  You can see their outstanding results.

C²: Continuous Continuity in the Enterprise...

Many enterprises today understand the myriad of potential threats to its people, processes, systems and structures. It stands to be better equipped for sustained continuity.  Business Crisis and Continuity Management (BCCM) is a dynamic change management initiative that requires dedicated resources, funding and auditing.

Certainly the largest organizations realize that the risks are taking on different forms than the standard fire, flood, earthquake and hurricane/twister scenarios. These large catastrophic external loss events have been insured against and the premiums are substantial. What is less easy to analyze from a threat perspective, are the constantly changing landscapes and continuity postures of the many facets of the organization having to do with people, processes and systems.

The sources of significant loss events are changing as we speak. Here are a few that should not be overlooked in your Operational Risk Management (ORM) Programs:

· Public perception

· Unethical dealings

· Regulatory or civil action

· Failure to respond to market changes

· Failure to control industrial espionage

· Failure to take account of widespread disease or illness among the workforce

· Fraud

· Exploitation of the 3rd party suppliers

· Failure to establish a positive culture

· Failure in post employment process to quarantine information assets upon termination of employees

Frankly, corporate directors have their hands full, helping executives managing risk and continuity on behalf of the shareholders. The risk management process will someday have as big an impact on the enterprise, as other key functions because shareholders will be asking more questions about the changing landscape of managing risk for corporate governance.

Since effective BCCM analysis is a 24/7 operation, it takes a combination of factors across the organization to provide what one might call C², or “Continuous Continuity”. A one-time threat or risk assessment or even an annual look at what has changed across the enterprise is opening the door for a Board of Directors worst nightmare. These nightmares are “Loss Events” that could have been prevented or mitigated all together.

Most of the best practices talk about a BCCM plan that will be periodically updated. Periodic is not continuous. Change is the key factor here. What changes take place in your organization between these periodic updates? How could any organization accurately account for all the changes to the organization in between BCCM updates? The fact is that they can’t.

This will change over time as organizations figure out that this is now as vital a business component as Accounts Receivable. The BCCM will become a core process of the organization if it is not already, dynamically evolving by the minute as new change-based factors take place in the enterprise. As new or terminated employees, suppliers and partners come and go into the BCCM process, the threat profile is updated in real-time. This takes the operational management that much closer to C², or “Continuous Continuity”.

So what? Boards of Directors have the responsibility to insure the resiliency of the organization. The people, processes, systems and external events that are constantly changing the operational risk landscape become the greatest threat to an enterprise. It’s the shareholders duty to scrutinize which organizations are most adept at “Continuous Continuity” before they invest in their future.

New Horizons: Commitment to the Long War...

What new technology invention or planetary event will change our way of life forever?  As the sun rises over the water, or the high rise buildings or the dew filled rolling meadows, one can only wonder.  The "New Horizons" streaked past Pluto after nine years from it's launch and 3 billion miles from Earth this week.  What other possible achievement is mankind capable of obtaining, that provides new knowledge and insight about our origins and our future.

Operational Risk Management (ORM) has been at the core of the New Horizons mission from its Genesis, until the day the space probe stops sending us more information.  Over these past nine years the observation and collection of data across our solar system, has provided answers to so many questions as we continue our quest for discovery.

Think about that timeline for a minute.  What has your organization accomplished that requires that kind of commitment to ongoing exploration and data analysis?  How would you keep people focused on continuous learning and problem solving, to gain new understanding and perhaps more empathy in your company.  Patience is often hard to find, when the boss is asking you what you have produced since yesterday.

There are tremendous challenges to keeping the mission focus in mind, even for nine years and beyond.  Maybe that is why there are term limits on some roles in public offices and as a result elections are necessary every two or four years.  Term limits puts priorities in perspective and clarifies what should be accomplished first and foremost.

What if you knew when you were going to die.  You knew exactly what would happen when your life ends.  It is written.  How would your thinking change, about what is important and what needs to be accomplished tomorrow.

How would you change your way of living and the vision to accomplish the promise of the future, if you did believe the stories of how it would all turn out.  Would you change the way you live your life, while you had the confidence that you would reach that promised place.  What if you had been taught this by trusted colleagues, read about it in sacred books or on the Internet and was assured that it was attainable.  If you would only believe:

Chattanooga, Tennessee (CNN)  A day after gunman Mohammad Youssuf Abdulazeez ended the lives of four Marines and wounded three other people, hundreds in Chattanooga gathered in prayer to mourn their deaths.

There were Christians. There were Muslims. A cross-section of the Tennessee community packed Olivet Baptist Church for the Friday night vigil.

Authorities are trying to figure out why Abdulazeez -- an accomplished student, well-liked peer, mixed martial arts fighter and devout Muslim -- went on the killing spree.

U.S. Attorney Bill Killian said the shootings are being investigated as an "act of domestic terrorism," but he noted the incident has not yet been classified as terrorism.

Reinhold said there is nothing to connect the attacker to ISIS or other international terror groups. Abdulazeez was not on any U.S. databases of suspected terrorists.

He was not known to have been in trouble with the law except for a DUI arrest in April. He apparently was not active on social media -- one of the common ways police investigate terrorism.

Ones mind has to flashback to the Boston Marathon bombing and the aftermath of that act of domestic terrorism in the United States.  Was this act of jihad on our U.S. citizens, the promise to the future, painted by people these terrorists trusted and respected?  Was this horrific act in Chattanooga against our military, just another blueprint for what our future holds for homegrown violent extremism (HVE) in America?  More on this from the New York Times:

Officials said there was no indication so far of any links to terrorist groups, leaving them to wonder how a young man with no known history of violence or radicalism turned up Thursday with several weapons, spraying bullets at Americans in uniform. Some “lone wolf” attacks have been carried out by people who had no direct contact with extremist groups, but they were influenced by messages online, like those from the Islamic State urging Muslims to take up arms and attack American military sites.

“This attack raises several questions about whether he was directed by someone or whether there’s enough propaganda out there to motivate him to do this,” said a senior American intelligence official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because the investigation was still underway.

The Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris again was a location with meaning to the actual terrorism act itself by these two brothers inspired by Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP).  It was a target put on a list by people who have a long-term focus and are able to accomplish their goals, even without a nation states resources.  The priority for any nation is to continue a long-term view, on what domestic terrorism and homegrown violent extremism really means, for a local community, in any country.

What is one of the most rewarding ways to connect with the local First Responder community in your U.S. county?  Look no further than your Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) and also your nearest Infragard chapter.  As a new "Citizen Soldier" you will need to learn new skills.  You also have to keep yourself aware of the latest natural or asymmetric threats to your particular community, whether it is a geographical city or a virtual domain in cyberspace.  You can, make a difference.

"Compassion will cure more sins than condemnation”

-Henry Ward Beecher-

It means a renewed commitment to building more resilience into your community.  From the bottom up, at every family household and small business in the town, city or Metroplex.  Operational Risk Management (ORM) doesn't end when you leave your role at the workplace in the warehouse, the cubicle or the executive office of the CSO, CISO or Chief Risk Officer.

Do you remember how you felt on September 12, 2001?  That uncertainty and the feeling you had, about the welfare of your closest loved ones or neighbors.  This was the catalyst for a 14+ year battle.  Just as the "New Horizons" hurtles millions of miles past Pluto, this commitment to the "Long War" is not over, and probably never will be.

Data Rupture: The Risk of Over-Classification...

As a result of the latest "data rupture" at the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), there are several Operational Risk factors.  The issues that most people are focused on, dwells on a lack of proper information security controls or antiquated technologies, that have not kept up with the speed of the modern day asymmetric threat.

However, this is not the primary problem that needs to be resolved.  The problem definition has been discussed in the wings of government for many years.  The root of the discussion is really a personnel hiring process combined with a human resource function.  The next level of the debate has to do with the classification of information.  The process by which certain types and kinds of information is classified at different levels of sensitivity.

In terms of the private sector vetting of an employee for employment vs. the government employee (contractor) it is very similar for non-executive personnel at the "Secret" level of classification.  You could leap to the analogy, that once you move to an executive level in the private sector, you may be vetted more thoroughly including more extensive looks into references, interviews with others and a deep dive into financial affairs.  This is more in line with the "Top Secret" level clearance in the government.

Call it a “data rupture”: Hack hitting OPM affects 21.5 million
Highly personal data from background clearances are a data bonanza to spies.

by Dan Goodin - Jul 9, 2015 6:10pm EDT

Last year's massive hack of the US Office of Personnel Management's security clearance system affected 21.5 million people, including 1.8 million people who didn't apply for a background investigation, officials said Thursday, making it official the breach was the worst in US government history.

The new figure includes most, if not all, of the 4.2 million people the agency previously said were exposed in a separate breach of personnel files. The much larger number resulted from the hack in June or July of last year on the system used to conduct background checks on contractors and other private sector employees, as well as federal workers. Some 1.1 million of the stolen records included applicants' fingerprints. Background checks for people applying with the Central Intelligence Agency weren't affected because that agency conducts its own security clearance investigations.

 The tagging of information at the point of creation, inside the walls of the private enterprise or government is the key problem set.  Then making the decision on who and why a person needs this information for them to do their job, is the secondary factor.  We all need information to do our assigned jobs and tasks.  When information is tagged as "For Official Use Only", "Confidential" "Secret" or "Top Secret" in the government, there is a reason.  The Classification system:

The United States government classification system is established under Executive Order 13526, the latest in a long series of executive orders on the topic.[1] Issued by President Barack Obama in 2009, Executive Order 13526 replaced earlier executive orders on the topic and modified the regulations codified to 32 C.F.R. 2001. It lays out the system of classification, declassification, and handling of national security information generated by the U.S. government and its employees and contractors, as well as information received from other governments.[2]

The desired degree of secrecy about such information is known as its sensitivity. Sensitivity is based upon a calculation of the damage to national security that the release of the information would cause. The United States has three levels of classification: Confidential, Secret, and Top Secret. Each level of classification indicates an increasing degree of sensitivity. Thus, if one holds a Top Secret security clearance, one is allowed to handle information up to the level of Top Secret, including Secret and Confidential information. If one holds a Secret clearance, one may not then handle Top Secret information, but may handle Secret and Confidential classified information.

When you work as an employee of a private company, there is a documented personnel hiring process.  The early part of the process in some cases is outsourced to recruiting agencies, just as the government uses contractors to process many of it's back ground investigations.  In both cases, the reason is evident.  Does this person being considered for employment, pose a risk to the enterprise?

 The purpose of the discussion now is to look at the information.  The tagging of information at its origin.  Whether in the private sector or government.  Who decides what sensitivity to put on the document, picture, video, spreadsheet, text, audio or other data element?  How do you keep only certain people from viewing and reading or listening to the information with the correct level of security clearance? (Access Controls)  Certainly the viewing of the salary levels of all employees inside the private sector company is sensitive and only certain people have the authority and need to see this information.  The assurance of information is critical:  Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability.  No different in the government.  So what is the common thread?

Information security, sometimes shortened to InfoSec, is the practice of defending information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction. It is a general term that can be used regardless of the form the data may take (e.g. electronic, physical).[1]

The failure at OPM is complex and no different than the complexity of the data breach failure at Target Corporation.  Both incidents were and are the basis for case studies in Information Security classes at the academic level.  Each has idiosyncrasies, in terms of the actual data breach methodologies and the tools used by adversaries.  So what?

One has to question the need for so many people to have "Top Secret" security clearances in the government.  When you look at the numbers it is staggering.  It almost seems that the process for hiring good people in the government made it a requirement, that someone have the ability to obtain a "Top Secret" clearance.  Even though the likelihood that this person would ever be exposed to or asked to review "Top Secret" information was low.  The failure is that so many people were required to obtain Top Secret clearances, when it was not really a factor for the job they were doing or would ever do.

Now that the "Chinese hackers" (the so called suspects) have our SSN, DOB, previous addresses, (same for family members), financial and other references in their database, time will only tell what individuals will be targeted and for what.  So for those "Chinese hackers," here is a news flash:

"NOT ALL THE PEOPLE WITH GOVERNMENT TOP SECRET CLEARANCES HAVE REVIEWED TOP SECRET INFORMATION"

This is why, much of the hiring and background process that is part of the human resources systems is out of synch, with the information classification process and what someone needs to do their particular tasks in the enterprise.  The level of security clearance has unfortunately become a badge of acceptance and of perceived importance.  Just look at the number of "Linkedin profiles" today, where someone openly declares their "particular level of security clearance" with the government.  Why do people do this?

What is part of the solution to the defined problem set?

1.  Thoroughly address the defined problem of over-classification.

2.  Depends on the success of solving #1.

Operational Risk Management (ORM) is about the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people and systems or from external events.

July 4: Framework for Liberty...

On this July 4, we can reflect.  In 1776, a courageous man named Thomas Jefferson would never know how the United States would endure.  239 years later, the United States of America is a historical example that the entire world studies.  This Republic, has certainly changed since the design was created by the "Founding Fathers".

As this Independence day unfolds across America, our Operational Risk Management (ORM) professionals are on watch.  They are celebrating in spirit and yet also worried, behind the facade of all the weekends festivities.  Why are so many across the globe in fear of the United States?  What are their motivations, for attacking our people and systems; what are they afraid of?

The fabric and infrastructure of our country is more diverse than ever.  The rule of law that governs all citizens are still capable of change, through a documented and proven process.  Change is attainable and civility is alive and well.  The power base of government is held in check, by systems designed to give the people a voice.  The United States is a complex invention that the papers written and agreed upon by Jefferson, Madison, Adams, Franklin and 56 delegates, still remain true to the mission.

When you think about the entire design of the system today in your hometown USA parade; look around.  What do you see and hear?  People of all religions and ethnic backgrounds expressing their ability to assemble and show their signs of affiliation.  Playing their own favorite music.  Celebrating their particular favorite American freedom.  Some by the original nations design and others by the Supreme Court of the United States.

Surrounding all of the expression of these freedoms are those who are on 24/7 watch.  These First Responders are waiting for your call.  Some in uniform and others in the shadows.  Perhaps it is your Mother or Father with Atrial Fibrillation, that may need an EMT in a moments notice.  Perhaps it is a need for assistance when an armed bandit robs your retail establishment.  Perhaps it is your tip or information, that intervenes with those evil-minded people who would attack our churches, public events or even the growing digital infrastructure.

You see, this ecosystem of people operating across America, in pursuit of their own dreams and their daily needs is what many across the world are unable to experience.  Many do not truly understand it, until they have had the chance to experience its feeling for real; to comprehend the emotions of people who are expressing their rights and their liberty.  The United States of America and other nations who are blueprints for democracy, know the vision and understand why it is worth defending at all costs.

 "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."